abstract：:Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a human malignancy consistently associated with the Epstein-Barr virus. Exposure to non-viral carcinogens and genetic predisposition are other crucial etiologic factors. Tumor development appears to require the expression of a small subset of transforming viral RNAs and proteins with concom...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Busson P,Keryer C,Ooka T,Corbex M

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Symbioses between eukaryotes and unicellular organisms are quite common, with examples copiously disseminated throughout the earth's biota. Arthropods, in particular, owe much of their ecological success to their microbial flora, which often provide supplements either lacking in the limited host diet or which the host...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rio RV,Hu Y,Aksoy S

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several attempts have been made to identify the minimal set of genes that is required for life using computational approaches or studies of deletion mutants. These experiments resemble those already performed by nature; a few hundred million years ago an ancestor of Escherichia coli was domesticated by aphids, which r...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Klasson L,Andersson SG

更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prion diseases are transmissible neurodegenerative disorders that include scrapie in sheep, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in cattle and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. The principal component of the infectious agent responsible for these diseases appears to be an abnormal isoform of the host-encode...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hill AF,Collinge J

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteria use type IV secretion systems (T4SS) to translocate macromolecular substrates destined for bacterial, plant or human target cells. The T4SS are medically important, contributing to virulence-gene spread, genome plasticity and the alteration of host cellular processes during infection. The T4SS are ancestrally...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ding Z,Atmakuri K,Christie PJ

更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antifungal drug discovery is starting to benefit from the enormous advances in the genomics field, which have occurred in the past decade. As traditional drug screening on existing targets is not delivering the long-awaited potent antifungals, efforts to use novel genetics and genomics-based strategies to aid in the d...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： De Backer MD,Van Dijck P

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Subunit vaccines based on recombinant proteins can suffer from poor immunogenicity owing to incorrect folding of the target protein or poor presentation to the immune system. Virus-like particles (VLPs) represent a specific class of subunit vaccine that mimic the structure of authentic virus particles. They are recogn...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Noad R,Roy P

更新日期：2003-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Insect endogenous retroviruses (IERVs) are present in the genome of several species. Previous studies have shown a relationship between the envelope glycoproteins (Envs) and fusion proteins (FPs) of several baculoviruses. We used this sequence similarity to predict fusion domains in the Envs of IERVs. We suggest that ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Misseri Y,Labesse G,Bucheton A,Terzian C

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Selected bacterial pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, establish persistent infections in mammalian hosts despite activating inflammatory and antimicrobial responses. The strategies used to overcome host defense responses vary with the anatomical location of the infection but often r...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rhen M,Eriksson S,Clements M,Bergström S,Normark SJ

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Progress in understanding the evolution of infectious diseases has inspired proposals to manage the evolution of pathogen (including parasite) virulence. A common view is that social interventions that lower pathogen transmission will indirectly select lower virulence because of a trade-off between transmission and vi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ebert D,Bull JJ

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The genetic analysis of the large and complex herpesviruses has been a constant challenge to herpesvirologists. Elegant methods have been developed to produce mutants in infected cells that rely on the cellular recombination machinery. Bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs), single copy F-factor-based plasmid vectors...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Wagner M,Ruzsics Z,Koszinowski UH

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Spores produced by bacilli and clostridia are surrounded by a multilayered protein shell called the coat. As the armor-like appearance of the coat suggests, this structure, along with others within the spore, confers the remarkable resistance properties that make Bacillus anthracis spores such potent biological weapon...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Driks A

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Third International Symposium on Advancing Science and Elimination of the Use of Laboratory Animals for Development and Control of Vaccines and Hormones, organized by the National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM, The Netherlands) under the auspices of the International Association for Biologic...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Smith MP,Oyston PC

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In bacteria, Ca(2+) is implicated in a wide variety of cellular processes, including the cell cycle and cell division. Dedicated influx and efflux systems tightly control the low cytoplasmic Ca(2+) levels in prokaryotes. Additionally, the growing number of proteins containing various Ca(2+)-binding motifs supports the...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Michiels J,Xi C,Verhaert J,Vanderleyden J

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The tricorn protease is an archaeal protease that forms massive proteasome-like capsids with a hollow chamber. beta-Propeller and PDZ domains are thought to play a role in substrate selection. By analysis of predicted proteins from novel bacterial genome sequences, we have identified four new bacterial tricorn-like pr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pallen MJ,Lam AC,Loman N

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Significant advances have been made in recent years in our understanding of how methicillin resistance is acquired by Staphylococcus aureus. Integration of a staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) element into the chromosome converts drug-sensitive S. aureus into the notorious hospital pathogen methicilin-res...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hiramatsu K,Cui L,Kuroda M,Ito T

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New, post-genomic analyses are increasing the rate at which information about highly complex processes such as bacterial growth and development can be acquired. The recent use of DNA-microarray and proteomic analysis to study the differentiating bacterium Caulobacter crescentus has provided the first global view of th...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Brun YV

更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Some viruses have the ability to modulate the development of autoimmune diseases. Virus infections have long been associated with the exacerbation of autoimmune disease, however, there is also evidence that viruses can actually protect against autoimmune disease. Several experimental models have been developed to inve...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Fujinami RS

更新日期：2001-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The forms of African trypanosomes that live in tsetse fly vectors are coated with lipid-anchored proteins and glycoproteins known collectively as procyclins. Procyclins are expressed during development in the fly in a multiplicity of isoforms yet their functions remain unknown. Recent studies involving a multidiscipli...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Pearson TW

更新日期：2001-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS), which is caused by Shiga toxin (Stx)-producing Escherichia coli, is the commonest cause of acute renal failure in childhood. It is widely believed that HUS develops following the release of Stx, an AB5 toxin that inhibits protein synthesis and has a direct toxic effect on the kidney ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Heyderman RS,Soriani M,Hirst TR

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high degree of similarity that exists between all the [NiFe] hydrogenase operons and the near universality of hydrogen metabolism among microorganisms suggest that the microbial ability to metabolize hydrogen is of great importance and ancient origin. The large number of genes present in these operons, which are m...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Casalot L,Rousset M

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell-density-dependent gene expression is widespread in bacteria and is mediated by extracellular communication molecules. Gram-negative bacteria often use N-acyl homoserine lactones, whereas cell-cell signaling in Gram-positive bacteria is accomplished using post-translationally processed peptide pheromones. In many ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Michiels J,Dirix G,Vanderleyden J,Xi C

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Enveloped viruses encode membrane-associated glycoproteins that direct the initial stages of virus infection. These usually oligomeric structures bind virions to cell surface receptors and, subsequently, direct fusion of viral membranes with cellular membranes. These structures are also the primary targets of neutrali...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Morrison TG

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lipid phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is the first chemoattractant to be described for a surface-motile bacterium. In Myxococcus xanthus, the specific activity of PE is determined by its fatty acid components. Two active species have been identified: dilauroyl PE and dioleoyl PE. Excitation to dilauroyl PE requires ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Kearns DB,Shimkets LJ

更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dramatic clinical manifestations of toxigenic infections such as cholera and diphtheria occur without substantial bacterial invasion. Disease is mediated by the secretion of potent toxins that use ADP-ribosylation as the catalytic mechanism underlying their action. ADP-ribosylating toxins comprise a large family, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Lesnick ML,Guiney DG

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous observations have established a crucial role for phagocytic cells in host resistance to Salmonella. Activated macrophages rely on a complex array of oxygen-dependent antimicrobial molecules to inhibit or kill intracellular Salmonella. An initial oxidative bactericidal phase, which is dependent on the respirat...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Vazquez-Torres A,Fang FC

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During the past few decades, increasing attention has focused on pathogenic fungi both as fascinating research subjects and as the agents of serious illness in diverse patient populations. In particular, opportunistic fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans command notice as the ranks of their immunocompromised victims ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Doering TL

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Genome analyses of double strand DNA tailed bacteriophages argue that they evolve by recombinational reassortment of genes and by the acquisition of novel genes as simple genetic elements termed morons. These processes suggest a model for early virus evolution, wherein viruses can be regarded less as having derived fr...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Hendrix RW,Lawrence JG,Hatfull GF,Casjens S

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery of 'molecular syringes' in several important gastrointestinal pathogens including Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Yersinia, together with a better understanding of M cells and the mucosal immune system, has advanced our appreciation of multistage microorganism-host cell interactions. Recent st...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Autenrieth IB,Schmidt MA

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To obtain iron from the host for growth, staphylococci have evolved sophisticated iron-scavenging systems including siderophores and a cell surface receptor for transferrin, the mammalian iron-transporting glycoprotein. The staphylococcal transferrin receptor has been identified as a member of a newly emerging family ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Modun B,Morrissey J,Williams P

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite the fact that dengue is one of the most prevalent viral infections of humans, the mechanisms responsible for its pathogenesis remain uncertain. Evolutionary studies of dengue virus have revealed that its genetic diversity is increasing. This, coupled with evidence that viral strains could naturally differ in v...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Holmes EC,Burch SS

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium leprae has the capacity to invade the peripheral nervous system and cause neuropathy. The molecular mechanisms responsible have remained unknown until recently. Identification of the endoneurial laminin-2 isoform and its receptor alpha-dystroglycan as neural targets of M. leprae has not only opened up a ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rambukkana A

更新日期：2000-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A major goal in microbiology is to understand the processes by which bacteria successfully colonize host tissue. Although a wealth of studies focusing on pathogenic microorganisms has revealed much about the rare interactions that result in disease, far less is known about the regulation of the ubiquitous, long-term, ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Ruby EG,McFall-Ngai MJ

更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wolbachia pipientis is an intracellular bacterial parasite of arthropods that enhances its transmission by manipulating host reproduction, most commonly by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility. The discovery of isolates with modified cytoplasmic incompatibility phenotypes and others with novel virulence properties is ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： McGraw EA,O'Neill SL

更新日期：1999-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phloem transport of endogenous macromolecules and plant viruses remains poorly understood. Selective movement into and out of the phloem is tightly regulated, yet the mechanisms governing this selectivity have not been elucidated. Recent advances in identifying nonviral proteins and nucleic acids with the capacity for...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Santa Cruz S

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Neuronotropic viruses induce apoptosis in neurons, and Bcl-2-related anti-apoptotic proteins and caspase inhibitors decrease mortality from acute viral encephalitis. Infected neurons develop cytoplasmic blebbing characteristic of apoptosis, but a paucity of apoptotic nuclear changes potentially indicates unique aspect...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Griffin DE,Hardwick JM

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two-component systems are characterized by phosphotransfer reactions involving histidine and aspartate residues in highly conserved signalling domains. Although the basic principles of signal transduction by these systems have been elucidated, several important aspects, such as their integration into more complex cell...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Perraud AL,Weiss V,Gross R

更新日期：1999-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycoplasmas are minute wall-less bacterial parasites that exhibit strict host and tissue specificities. They enter, multiply and survive within the host for extended periods by circumventing host defenses. Their intimate interaction with eukaryotic cells, and in some cases the subsequent invasion into or fusion with t...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Rottem S,Naot Y

更新日期：1998-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The major regulator of sporulation initiation in Bacillus subtilis is the phosphorelay, a multicomponent signal transduction system. A myriad of signals, both positive and negative, from the environment, cell cycle and metabolism is received and interpreted by the phosphorelay and integrated through the opposing activ...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Perego M

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Archaea include microorganisms growing in some of the most extreme environments on earth. Consequently, their cellular components are remarkably stable entities and have considerable potential in the biotechnology industry. Here, we review the structure of archaeal enzymes in the context of their ability to functi...

journal_title：Trends in microbiology

authors： Danson MJ,Hough DW

更新日期：1998-08-01 00:00:00